Cornwall gazetteer "S"

St Agnes
A mining village, surrounded by the ruins of former mines. From the village, a steep valley winds down to Trevaunance Cove. There is a steep stepped terrace of miners cottages, Strippy Strappy, which descends a hill beside the spired church. St Agnes was the model for St Ann in the Poldark books. Mines in the area were Wheal Coates, Wheal Kitty, Wheal Friendly and Blue Hills. There are a couple of pubs at the centre of the village, with some craft shops, old cob cottages and pretty gardens. The Cornish artist John Opie was born in "Harmony Cot" in 1761, a thatched cottage to the east of St Agnes.
 
Tin ore from local mines was shipped from a small 18th century quay at Trevaunance Cove, and this was eventually swept away by a gale in 1934, as the four previous harbours had been
 
High above St Agnes is the St Agnes Beacon, owned by the National Trust, and from which on a clear day you get fantastic all round views. Trevellas airfield was a World War Ii fighter station, but is now just used by the local flying club.
 
And in the attractions area there is a local Museum in the town and St Agnes Leisure Park (with attractions set in landscaped gardens)
 
St Austell
The town grew with the discovery of china clay deposits in the area by William Cookwirthy, a Plymouth chemist, who discovered them in 1748. To extract one ton of usable china clay results in the creation of five tons of waste, hence the moonscape of white mountains around St Austell. The clay is exported by sea from Fowey, Par and Charlestown. The process is explained in the Wheal Martyn China Clay Museum.
 
All the streets in St Austell radiate from the Holy trinity Church, with its delicately carved 15th century tower. The large Market hall opposite the church has a magnificently timbered roof. Among the old inns of the town, the most notable is the White Hart Hotel.
 
St Buryan
Named after St Beriona, daughter of an Irish chieftain, who established an oratory on the site of what is now the church. The church has a four-staged tower that is used still as a landmark by fishermen entering Mounts Bay.
 
A mile to the north of the attractive village is the Neolithic Stone Circle of Boscawen-Un which has 19 stones and a leaning central pillar. It is over 5000 years old. The first meeting of the Bards of Cornwall was held here in 1928.
 
St Cleer
On the edge of Bodmin Moor, north of Liskeard, the village is thought to have got its name from St Clarus. The village is at 700 feet, and the surrounding area has historical connections with both mining and prehistoric times. The village church has a Victorian stained glass window with eleven female saints. A rather Gothic looking open sided chapel has been built over St Cleer's well.
 
Trehevy Quoit, an impressive Neolithic chamber tomb with a massive capstone, is in a field north east of the village. Doniert Stone, a granite block with intricate carvings, dedicated to a 9th century Cornish king who drowned nearby is north west of the village. There is an ancient packhorse bridge at Redgate, and from here a footpath runs along the River Fowey to Golitha Falls.
 
Siblyback Lake, with visitor centre and sporting facilities is close. As is Dobwalls Family Adventure Park.
St Clement
A pretty hamlet south of Truro, on the wooded tidal Tresillian River. it has thatched whitewashed cottages, and a 13th century church which has a lych gate with a upper story room, used as a schoolroom in the past
 
St Colomb Major
The name comes from St Columba, a Christian martyr. The town has a medieval feel with tall slate hung buildings, narrow wynds and connecting alleyways
 
The church was considered as the site for Cornwall's cathedral, but lost out to Truro. The tower of the church has a through arch.
 
James Polkinghorne, a champion Cornish wrestler, was a former landlord of the Red Lion. And another inn, the Silver Ball, is named after the Shrove Tuesday game of hurling, played with a silver ball over a two mile street pitch. this game used to be played all over |Cornwall, but is now confined to St Colomb and St Ives.
 
West of the town is Castle-an-Dinas, an Iron Age earthwork.

St Day

St Day was the mining centre for Cornwall before Redruth took over the role. it has terraces of miners cottages and mine captains villas. Nearby at Busveal is Gwennap Pit, a deep hollow, turned into an amphitheater and used regularly by john Wesley. It is still a regular place of pilgrimage for Methodists from all over the world.
 
St Ewe
An attractive village with a 14th century church. The church of All Saints has a carved octagonal spire, and inside the church are the village stocks, and a rood screen that is the only one in Cornwall to have survived the attentions of Cromwell's soldiers.
 
Polmassick vineyard grows grapes in the wooded valley below the church and can be visited by the public.
 
St Germans
The village is built on high land at the confluence of the River Tamar and the River Lynher. Augustine canons founded a priory here in the 1162 but all that remains today is the church. The massive church has two towers dating from the 13th and 15th centuries. Inside is a memorial to the Eliot family, whose home Port Eliot is beside the church.
 
There is a Victorian quay below the village, and just to the south Portwinkle, a small cove with a battered semi-circular harbour.
 
St Ives
St Ives is an ancient borough and supposedly got its name from St Ia, a female saint who crossed from Ireland on a leaf!, It was one of the main centres of pilchard fishing in the last century. In 1868, a record 16.5 million pilchards were hauled in from one seine net off St Ives. The pilchards were pressed in fish cellars, to remove the blood and oil, they were then packed tightly into wooden barrels and exported.
 
Tin ands copper from the surrounding mines were also exported through the harbour, and coal to power the mine engines was imported. Smeaton's pier, the main arm of the harbour, was built by the architect of the Eddystone Light. Today the miners and the fishermen have gone, and droves of tourists have replaced them.
 
There is still much of the old character in the town, with cobbled alleys and flowery courtyards, steep streets and whitewashed cottages. At the foot of The Digey, home of many of the best cottages, is the old inn, The Sloop - frequented by fishermen and artists. John Wesley's visits to St Ives are remembered in the street names - Salubrious Street and Teetotal Street.
 
the church, dedicated to St Ia, contains a sculpture by Barbara Hepworth to the Madonna and Child. More examples of Hepworth's work can be seen at the Hepworth Museum in Back Street. Indeed St Ives has been an artists colony since the 1880's when Turner visited the town. The clear light attracted Whistler and Sickert, and later Ben Nicholson and Peter Lanyon. Bernard Leach started the Leach Pottery in Higher Stennack. The Tate Gallery built an new extension, opened in 1992.
 
St Just in Penwith
St Just, the most westerly town in Britain, grew prosperous from tin and copper mining. Grey granite houses and inns, two Methodist chapels and a 15th century church.
 
The Plain-an-Gwarry, a grass covered enclosure at its centre, was used to perform miracle and mystery plays in the middle ages.
 
Cape Cornwall, owned by the national Trust is a few miles west. All along the coast are the remains of mines, the Kenidjack Valley at Levant, the Crowns at Botallack, and Geevor.
 
St Just in Roseland
Here you will find Cornwall's most photographed church, the 13th century St Justus church built right beside the water. On the site of a 5th century chapel, the churchyard slopes steeply upwards behind the church. A 19th century vicar brought in many tropical plants, and the combination of the church on the water's edge and the wonderful flowers and shrubs in the churchyard are pure magic.
 
St Keverne
Known for its church tower, which is used as a marker to guide boats past the Manacles Rocks (their name comes from the Cornish "maen eglos" which means "stones of the church"). The tower was struck by lightening in the 18th century, and had to be rebuilt. The rocks have taken a terrible toll of ships over the years, with 400 victims buried in the church yard. Two of the worst tragedies were "The John" in 1855 which sunk with the loss of 196 lives, and the "Mohegan" on which 106 lives were lost when it hit the rocks at full steam in 1898.
 
The St Keverne blacksmith, Michael An Gof (Michael Joseph) and Thomas Flamark from Bodmin, led the 1497 march to London against Henry VIII's punitive tax to fund his war against the Scots. Both leaders were hanged at Tyburn.
 
North of St Keverne are the two former fishing villages of Porthoustock and Porthallow, which are now quarry villages.
 
St Mawes
This community grew up round the castle of St Mawes. Henry VIII built St Mawes castle to the same design, but on a smaller scale, as Pendennis Castle opposite it at Falmouth. In 1541, when they were built, it was deemed necessary to protect the Carrick Roads, Truro and Falmouth harbours from invasion. The castle never saw action until it surrendered to the Parliamentarians without firing a shot.
 
St Mawes today is a popular yachting centre.
St Mawgan
A picturesque village in the wooded Lanherne Valley consisting of cottages, the Falcon Inn, church, two bridges and the 13th century manor house of the Arundell family (which has been a convent since 1794)
 
St Merryn
A cluster of grey slate cottages round the church of St Marina. Around is trevose head with its lighthouse, and a number of good surf and swimming beaches. Mother Ivy's Bay is the home of the Padstow lifeboat, and Ric Stein, the TV cook (his house is a white art deco building with a prominent glass staircase on the side. Between this bay and Harlyn Bay is Cataclews Point, which was quarried for the greenstone used for church fonts and windows. On the other southern side of Trevose Head is a golf course and Constantine bay and Booby's Bay.

St Michael's Mount

The story goes that the archangel St Michael appeared to a group of fishermen at the mount in 495. Edward the Confessor granted the mount to the Benedictine monks from mont St Michel in France, and by 1135 they had built a priory on the summit of the mount. They also constructed a harbour and causeway. Henry V granted it to the Abbey of Syon in Twickenham. Then of course henry VIII grabbed it when he dissolved the monasteries. It changed then from a church to a fortress, and was a Royalist stronghold during the Civil War. The commander of the Parliamentarian forces that captured the mount during the Civil War, one Colonel John St Aubyn, bought it from the state, and one of his descendants, Lord St Levan, still lives there. Lord St Levan gave the mount to the national trust in 1954, but still lives there. Today around half a million visitors a year visit the site. It can be reached by causeway at low tide, or from a passenger ferry at high water.
 
St Neot
A small village in a deep wooded hollow, just south of Colliford Lake, Bodmin Moor's largest reservoir. St Neott himself, said to have only been 4 feet tall, appears on one of the stained glass windows of the church. The stained glass windows of the church are said to be some of the finest examples of medieval stained glass in England. The village well is also dedicated to St Neott. The village originally grew up on wool, tin and slate, but that has all gone now.
 
A few miles to the west is the hamlet of Warleggan, known for its eccentric rector, Fredrick Densham, who was the parish priest from 1931 to 1953. Disliked by his parishioners he built a high wall round the rectory and withdrew from the world, as no villagers would go to his church he preached to an empty church and filled it with cardboard cutouts for a congregation.
St  Tudy
Information on St Tudy at the village's own web site 
 
Saltash
A settlement and ferry crossing have existed here since Roman times. Today Isambard Kingdom Brunel's last engineering masterpiece, the 1859 iron railway bridge spans the River Tamar, with the 1961 road bridge beside it.
 
Being close to Plymouth, Saltash produced many sailors for the navy, including Raleigh and Drake. The birthplace of Mary Newman, Drake's first wife, is a cottage in Culver Street. There is a 17th century pillared guildhall in the town centre,and the parish church has an unusual 17th century clock in its church tower
 
Sancreed
An attractive inland village in the Lands End peninsula. It has a 15th century church with a carved rood screen and two noteworthy crosses in the churchyard.
 
Above the village is Sancreed beacon with extensive views. A little to the west s the Iron age fort of Caer Bran, reached by footpath from Grumbla.. There is a well preserved Iron Age courtyard village at Carn Euny, reached from Brane.
 
Seaton
A notorious smuggling area in the last century because it was wild and remote. Brandy, silk and spices were brought in from Brittany.. Today the sheltered coast between Looe and Nare Head has a number of sandy tourist beaches..
 
There is a monkey sanctuary at Murraytown a mile east of Seaton which has the first protected breeding colony of Amazonian Woolly monkeys in the world.
 
Sennen Cove
Complete with lifeboat station (opened in 1853) and surfing beach, Sennen is the most westerly village in England Legend says that King Arthur and seven Cornish chieftains defeated the Danes here, and held a feast to mark their victory at a large rock known as Table men. Sennan Cove harbour has an old wooden building that houses the original ropes and windlass for hauling boats out of the water.
 
There is an Iron Age fort at Maen Castle just west of Sennan

.Return to Gazetteer Index page